Gold

79 196.967

Gold

Our Products Product Characteristics Application Areas Historical Background

GOLD Kg
Producer	Principal applications	Product Form	Dimensions	Packaging
Site: 003-052Plant Sites 003-052Go to the glossary	Jewellery industry Investments	Bars	Bars size: 115.5×52.5×9.2 mm Bars weight: 1 kg	Description: Variable Packing size: Variable mm

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, %
Element	Swiss standard for Au	Belgian standard for Au
Au min	999.9	999.9
Pd	0.003	0.005
Cu	0.001	0.005
Pb	0.001	0.005
Fe	0.001	0.001
Zn	0.001	0.001
Bi	0.001	0.001
Sn	0.001	0.001
Mn	0.0005	0.0005
Si	0.0030	―
Mg	0.0030	―
Cr	0.0005	0.0005
Ni	0.0005	0.0005
Sb	0.001	0.001
Rd	0.001	0.001
Trace elements total	0.010	0.020

GOLD Kg
Producer	Principal applications	Product Form	Packaging
Sites 003-052	Jewellery industry Investments	Concentrate	Description: Plastic containers КТ-2 Packing size: 301×241×130 mm Standard specifications 1753-083-00196533-2004

Physical and chemical characteristics
Latin name	Aurum (Au)
Group in Mendeleev’s periodic table	I
Atomic number	79
Description	A precious yellow metal, malleable.
Atomic weight	196.9665
Density	19.32 g/cm³
Melting point	t 1,064 °С
Chemical activity	Chemically rather inert, exposure to air does not change it in any way, even when heated. Pure gold is extremely soft, liable to swift abrasion, and products made from it are vulnerable to crushing and tearing.

Electronics
Gold and its alloys are used in manufacturing contacts for low current devices, semiconductors, integrated circuits (as a conductor), precision potentiometers, thermocouples, and resistance thermometers. Gold solder is applied to seal joints, parts of waveguides, vacuum tubes and radar equipment, install semiconductor chips, and solder units of nuclear power plants, aircraft and rocket engines, and space equipment. Microelectronics utilises gold conductors and plating in circuit boards and electrical connectors.

Medicine
In dental prosthetics, gold alloyed with silver, copper, nickel, platinum and zinc serves as material for tooth crowns and dentures. Pharmaceutical manufacturers add gold compounds to water soluble injectable formulations to treat arthritis, lupus erythematosus and tuberculosis. Oncology needs gold radioisotopes (in the form of colloid) to diagnose and treat malignant tumours, while aesthetic medicine uses gold threads and formulations for skin rejuvenation.

Jewellery
Jewellery is usually made of gold alloyed with other metals that exhibit far better mechanical strength and resistance. The most popular ones are gold-silver-copper alloys with additions of zinc, nickel, cobalt or palladium. In these alloys, gold provides high corrosion resistance, while silver and copper mix affect the final colour and mechanical properties. Various proportions of components determine the hallmark and produce yellow, white or red gold.

Glass production
Thanks to its ability to reflect infrared light, gold is popular in glass production. Window panes are metallised with a thin gold film, which reflects most radiation and heat. Application of electric voltage gives the glass excellent antifog properties, making it useable in planes, marine vessels and electric locomotives. Auric chloride is used in manufacturing high quality cranberry (gold ruby) glass, glass and porcelain drawing, and as a toner in photography.

Aviation and space industry
Because of its resistance to corrosion, gold is utilised to connect aircraft engine components, solder electrical contacts, and coat shuttle windows. As a strong reflector, gold coating shields spacecraft and satellites from solar radiation, focusing and reflecting light energy.

Particle accelerators
Gold and its alloys are used in modern particle accelerators (colliders), which are gigantic ring-shaped chambers, or torus-shaped tubes. The higher the vacuum in the chamber, the longer the life cycle of elementary particles. Seal rings and washers for accelerators are made from soft ductile gold, while chamber joints are sealed with gold solder.

Gold platings
Gold platings offering high resistance and strong light reflectivity are used in high-voltage radio equipment, X-ray generators and reflectors for infrared drying. Cathode sputtering creates extremely fine gold layer on metal, paper, wood, ceramic and plastic surfaces. This technique is applied in manufacturing photocells and special types of mirrors.

Investments
Gold is one of the most popular investment tools, available in the form of gold bars, bullion, numismatic and commemorative coins. A range of attractive investment options also includes gold backed securities, gold certificates and metal accounts. Other precious metals offering high liquidity are platinum, palladium and silver.

Gold was the first metal to be discovered by man, and is most commonly found in its virgin state, both in core and disseminated deposits. The understanding of what constitutes a nugget in terms of weight or size has changed in the course of time.

Natural gold is never found in an absolutely pure state, it is always contaminated to some degree by other elements. The colour of natural gold varies in accordance with the presence of other metals and the quality of the admixture.

Being the most valuable of precious metals, gold has long served as a means of exchange in trade, and as a result of this, methods of making gold-like alloys based on copper were devised. As these methods developed and became widespread, they gave birth to what became known as alchemy. The Holy Grail of alchemists was to find means of transforming (transmuting) base metals into gold and silver.

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